Step 1: To implement a XOR gate using Tri-State Buffers and following the hint of initially solving with a 4-to-1 multiplexer, let's break down the process: XOR Function The XOR (exclusive OR) function outputs true only when the inputs differ. In binary terms: XOR(0, 0) = 0 XOR(0, 1) = 1 XOR(1, 0) = 1 XOR(1, 1) = 0 Using a 4-to-1 MUX A 4-to-1 multiplexer selects one of four input lines based on two control lines (A and B here). Here’s how to map the XOR function onto a 4-to-1 MUX: Input Line 0: This corresponds to both control lines being 0 (A=0, B=0). Output should be 0. Input Line 1: This corresponds to control line A=0, B=1. Output should be 1. Input Line 2: This corresponds to control line A=1, B=0. Output should be 1. Input Line 3: This corresponds to control line A=1, B=1. Output should be 0. MUX Connection Connect the inputs of the MUX to fixed values based on the desired XOR output for each control line combination: Input 0 = 0 Input 1 = 1 Input 2 = 1 Input 3 = 0 Implementing with Tri-State Buffers Tri-State buffers can be used to control which output is actively driving the line: Connect two buffers to each input (0 or 1): One buffer for each value of A (either 0 or 1). Control Lines: Use A and B to control which buffer is active. This can be done by connecting: Buffer enable for input 0 with NOT A AND NOT B. Buffer enable for input 1 with NOT A AND B. Buffer enable for input 2 with A AND NOT B. Buffer enable for input 3 with A AND B. Logical Connections The output of the XOR gate is the output from the active buffer, which will depend on the state of A and B. Explanation: To implement a XOR gate using tri-state buffers and a 4-to-1 MUX, connect the outputs of fixed logical values (0 or 1) to the MUX inputs, controlled by the states of A and B, then selectively enable the correct buffer using the combination of A and B to produce the XOR output. Step 2: <img src="data:image/png;base64,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