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क्या होता है:
परिणाम:
बहुमत वाली पार्टी या गठबंधन नेता चुनता है:
राष्ट्रपति द्वारा आमंत्रण:
प्रधानमंत्री की नियुक्ति:
विश्वास मत (Confidence Vote):
त्रिशंकु संसद (Hung Parliament):
गठबंधन सरकार का गठन:
बाहरी समर्थन:
यह प्रक्रिया सुनिश्चित करती है कि प्रधानमंत्री का चयन जनता द्वारा चुने गए प्रतिनिधियों के माध्यम से किया जाता है, जो भारत के लोकतांत्रिक ढांचे को दर्शाता है।
The process of selecting the Prime Minister (PM) in India involves several steps, based on the outcome of general elections. Here’s a detailed explanation of how a PM is chosen:
1. General Elections to the Lok Sabha
What Happens:
Citizens of India vote in general elections to elect Members of Parliament (MPs) to the Lok Sabha (House of the People).
India is divided into 543 constituencies, each electing one MP.
The first-past-the-post system is followed: the candidate who wins the most votes in a constituency wins.
Outcome:
543 MPs are elected to represent the people in the Lok Sabha.
Additional 2 members may be nominated by the President to represent the Anglo-Indian community (if applicable, under Article 331 of the Constitution, though this is now discontinued).
2. Determination of Majority
The party or coalition that holds the majority of seats (273 or more out of 543) is entitled to form the government.
If no party has a majority, parties can form alliances to create a coalition government.
3. Election of the Prime Minister
Step-by-Step:
Majority Party or Coalition Selects a Leader:
Once the election results are declared, the party (or coalition) with the majority holds a meeting of its newly elected MPs.
These MPs vote to select their leader. This leader is the party or coalition\'s nominee for the Prime Minister.
Appointment by the President:
The President of India invites the leader of the majority party or coalition to form the government.
The President makes sure that this leader enjoys the majority support in the Lok Sabha.
Appointment of the Prime Minister:
The President formally appoints the elected leader as the Prime Minister of India.
Confidence Vote (if required):
If the majority of the new PM is in doubt, the President may ask them to prove their majority by winning a vote of confidence in the Lok Sabha.
What Happens in Case of No Clear Majority?
Hung Parliament:
If no single party or coalition gets a clear majority (273 seats), the President consults with parties to explore possible alliances.
Coalition Formation:
Parties negotiate to form a coalition with a majority of MPs.
The coalition chooses its head, who is then nominated as Prime Minister.
Outside Support:
At times, a party or coalition may depend on "outside support" (by MPs who are not in the government but agree to support it in votes).
Role of Prime Minister After Election
The Prime Minister heads the Council of Ministers, which performs the functions of the government.
They must maintain the majority in the Lok Sabha to continue in office. If they lose this majority (for instance, through a no-confidence motion), they must resign.
Illustration: 2019 Lok Sabha Elections
The Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) won 303 seats, thus winning an absolute majority.
The BJP MPs met and elected Narendra Modi unanimously as their leader.
The President of India invited Narendra Modi to form the government.
Modi was made the Prime Minister and sworn into office, continuing for a second term.