Biology
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Answer
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Neurotransmitters are chemical messengers that carry information as an impulse which could be excitatory or inhibitory in action across the neurons (from axon terminal to dendrite). Examples of Neurotransmitters: are acetylcholine, dopamine, GABA, etc.
Synapse - it is a specialized region that connects two neurons and aids in transferring impulses by chemical neurotransmitters via synaptic cleft.
NTs involved in synaptic transmission - Signal Transmission Through Synapses.
1.) Communication among neurons: In response to an action potential, neurotransmitters are released from the presynaptic neuron into the synaptic cleft. Once released, they bind to specific receptors on the postsynaptic neuron, either stimulating or inhibiting a new electrical signal.
2.) Excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters: Depending on the type of neurotransmitter and the receptor it binds to the postsynaptic neuron might be stimulated (more likely to produce an action potential) or repressed. Excitatory neurotransmitters, such as glutamate, enhance the likelihood of a postsynaptic neuron firing, whereas inhibitory neurotransmitters, such as GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid), reduce it.
3. Pain Reception and Modulation - involved in the sensation of external stimuli - painful which response as a 'reflex'.
Any imbalance within the neurotransmitters will lead to failure of nerve impulse conduction will eventually lead to neurological disease and disorders such as - optic nerve paralysis, Parkinson's disease, Seizure, and Epilepsy.
